1. What is the difference between a Formal, informal, environmental portrait?
FORMAL-they are stiff, there isn't any movement in the photo.(Daguerrotype)
INFROMAL- the peroson in the photo is not so stiff.(print of Hemingway)
ENVIRONMENTAL- the person in the photo is not in a poses. The photo is a real life event.

2. What do the eyes tell us?
If the person is focus or not if the eyes are stright ahead then they are probly focus. And if the eyes are to the side then they might be in a daze or they might be thinking.
3. What does the background and body position tell us?

Usually if the person in the photo has their hands up by their mouth then they mabe thinking.
4. How does the lighting affect the shot?

Mostly black and white photo's are like deppresing.